Most of them were in Xubuntu installed by default.
You downloaded the ones missing with sudo apt-get install libqtgui4.
sudo is the prefix to run a program as administrator, that is why it asked for your password. It should only be used where necessary.
apt-get is a package manager, and the rest indicates what package you want to add to your xubuntu. It downloads, keeps track and installs it.
Everything in linux is part of a package, so sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade would be the way to update your entire computer, and as you can guess it will take the hassle to maintain libqtgui4 updated.
Ideally installing Nu would be as easy as sudo apt-get install nud, but for that the developers would have to publish the package to the ubuntu repository, something that is not yet done.